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This review discusses the phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and standardization of Forsythiae Fructus, detailing both unripe and ripe forms, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that testosterone therapy in trans men increased facial and body hair growth while the prevalence and severity of acne peaked at 6 months but were primarily mild after long-term treatment.

Dihydrotestosterone gel improved well-being and sexual function in older men without negatively affecting prostate health.

This review discusses the rationale for targeting 5α-reductase isoenzymes in prostate cancer prevention and treatment, highlighting the potential benefits of using inhibitors like dutasteride and finasteride but reports no new experimental results.

This study concluded that mixtures of weak endocrine disruptors, such as parabens and azole fungicides, can produce combination effects that should be considered in regulatory risk assessments to avoid underestimating potential risks.

This study suggests that in rats, maternal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance lead to activation of ferroptosis in the gravid uterus and placenta, mediated by different molecular and cellular mechanisms.

In this study, DHT and calculated free DHT were linked to higher risks of incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in elderly men, while total testosterone and calculated free testosterone showed no such associations.

This study found that androgens, specifically DHT, induced neurite outgrowth in motor neurons by up-regulating the neuritin protein, with testosterone being less effective.

This review discusses the effects of hormonal changes on hair follicles, concluding that hormones like androgens and estradiol significantly influence hair growth and cycle, while the roles of other hormones are still being researched.

This review discusses the role of 5α-reductase enzymes in androgen action and related disorders, noting that their specific inhibitory drugs show promise for conditions like benign prostatic hypertrophy; it reports no new clinical results.

This chapter reviews the male accessory sex glands in rats and their responses to hormonal influences, detailing common spontaneous changes and effects of compounds, but it provides no new experimental findings.

This review discusses the etio-pathogenetic factors in benign prostatic hyperplasia and their role in the development of lower urinary tract symptoms but reports no new research findings.

This study found that 17α‐estradiol increases aromatase activity in female hair follicles, which may explain its beneficial effects in treating androgenetic alopecia.

This review describes the roles of 5α-reductase isozymes in prostate development and pathology and reports no new clinical results.

Finasteride helps regrow hair and shrink prostate by reducing DHT, with some sexual side effects.

This research article focuses on nonsteroidal inhibitors of human type I steroid 5-alpha-reductase but reports no new results.

This study found that in healthy men, higher levels of free testosterone were associated with a stronger immune response to the influenza vaccine, suggesting androgens may function as immunomodulators rather than strict immunosuppressants.

This study found that in hamster flank organs, 17βC inhibited enlargement caused by topical testosterone but not by DHT, suggesting potential use in androgen-related skin disorders like acne.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, shrinks it, improves urination, but may cause sexual dysfunction and isn't for women or children.

This study found that in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, a 3-month treatment with a long-acting GnRH agonist significantly reduced intraprostatic DHT and 3α-diol levels by about 90% and testosterone by about 75%.

Hair loss in androgenetic alopecia is caused by genetic factors and androgen excess, and can be treated with combined therapies.

This review highlights that sexual dysfunction associated with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors is recognized in clinical literature, with erectile dysfunction being the most common adverse effect, followed by ejaculatory dysfunction and decreased libido.

This review discusses the importance of androgen production and metabolism in hyperandrogenism, the use of specific serum markers for diagnosis, and the need for improved assays for clinical testing, but reports no new results.

In this study, administering dexamethasone rapidly normalized elevated steroid levels in girls with premature adrenarche.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

This review discusses the hormonal and genetic factors influencing acne development, emphasizing the role of androgens and insulin signaling but reports no new clinical results.

This study details the isolation and characterization of the human type II 5 alpha-reductase gene, which may play a role in male pseudohermaphroditism, prostate cancer, and benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study found that both finasteride and flutamide effectively reduce hirsutism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome or idiopathic hirsutism, but flutamide was more effective.

This study suggests testosterone gel administered for one year to male chronic pain patients receiving morphine may improve sexual function and mental health, despite limited effects on overall pain scores.

This review discusses testosterone metabolism in human skin and its role in androgenetic skin disorders, suggesting that temporary increases in dihydrotestosterone may lead to these conditions.