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IL-6 contributes to hair loss by shortening the growth phase and causing hair follicles to regress.

The researchers reported that DHT-inducible DKK-1 may play a significant role in DHT-driven balding by inhibiting hair follicle cell growth and promoting apoptosis in androgenetic alopecia.

This study found that prepubertal girls have significantly higher levels of estrogens and androgen metabolites compared to age-matched boys, which may contribute to their earlier onset of puberty.

Male and female mice have different skin thickness, and hormones affect their skin and hair growth differently.

This study found that finasteride improves scalp hair growth in men with male pattern hair loss by reducing scalp dihydrotestosterone levels, but it did not benefit postmenopausal women with female pattern hair loss.

This review outlines the complexities of understanding DHT biosynthesis and metabolism in the human prostate and reports no new findings, emphasizing the need for further research into the pathways involved.

This study found that altered testosterone metabolism and changes in cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase expression are significantly associated with cardiac hypertrophy in human hearts and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

This article reviews potential prevention and intervention strategies for prostate cancer, including 5alpha-reductase inhibition, but reports no new clinical findings.

Hormonal interactions, especially involving DHT and estrogen, play a key role in BPH development and treatment.

This paper reviews the role of androgens in human skin function and the challenges in developing treatments for androgen-associated disorders, reporting no new experimental results.

This study found that finasteride significantly suppresses serum dihydrotestosterone levels at all tested doses in normal male volunteers without significant adverse effects.

This review explores the complex endocrine functions of human skin and its role as a peripheral endocrine organ, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that spironolactone reduced serum androstenedione and anagen hair shaft diameter in hirsute patients but did not significantly alter unbound testosterone levels, suggesting its effects are primarily peripheral.

This source reports that while creatine supplementation is popular for improving muscle mass and performance, questions about its efficacy and safety persist. An expert team is reviewing literature to address concerns like water retention, renal effects, and its benefits across different populations and uses.

This study found that 2-methoxyestradiol induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by activating p53 through a pathway dependent on p38/JNK-mediated NFkappaB/AP-1 activation, with JNK-dependent Bcl-2 phosphorylation also playing a critical role.

This study explains finasteride's high potency and specificity as a mechanism-based inhibitor for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia by detailing its interaction with human type 2 steroid 5α-reductase.

Inflammation may be linked to hair loss, and targeting specific enzymes could help treat it.

This study synthesized nonsteroidal ligands as second-generation androgen receptor agonists and identified three compounds with significant anabolic activity and moderate to minimal androgenic activity in vivo.

This study found that oral finasteride 1 mg/day promotes hair growth and prevents further hair loss in a significant proportion of men with male pattern hair loss over two years.

This abstract discusses the unclear role of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in postembryonic life in marsupials and possibly humans, reporting no new findings.

This article reviews the biochemical properties of 5 alpha-reductase isoforms and highlights the limited dermatological use of inhibitors like finasteride, especially for type 1 isozyme-targeting agents, while suggesting further clinical exploration.

This article discusses the structure of the human type II 5 alpha-reductase gene and reports no new experimental results.

This study concluded that higher androgen levels in males and specific skeletal sites may contribute to differences in skeletal morphology, with glucocorticoids, E2, and D3 enhancing androgen receptor expression and mitogenic action in human osteoblastic cells.

This study found that increased expression of type II 5α-reductase, androgen receptors, and Hic-5/ARA55 in dermal papilla cells upregulates androgen sensitivity, playing a key role in androgenetic alopecia pathogenesis.

This study found that oral administration of finasteride to pregnant rats caused dosage-related developmental toxicities, including hypospadias and decreased anogenital distance in male offspring.

This study found that prenatal exposure to finasteride in rats led to permanent changes in developmental endpoints like anogenital distance and nipple retention, which were predictive of further reproductive tract malformations.

This article reviews the molecular mechanisms involved in androgenetic alopecia and the androgen's paradoxical role in hair growth, but reports no new experimental findings.

This article reviews how different 5alpha-reductase and 3alpha-HSD enzymes impact androgen levels and highlights their potential as drug targets for androgen-related diseases, but provides no new experimental findings.

This article reviews the clinical, psychological, and management aspects of androgenetic alopecia in men, stating that it can be effectively managed by generalist clinicians with pharmacotherapy and surgical advancements.

This review discusses the role of genetic mutations and environmental endocrine disruptors in insufficient androgen action, which can result in conditions like hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and micropenis, during male fetal development.