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This chapter reviews various synthetic methods for creating pharmacologically active diazines, particularly focusing on pyrimidines, and discusses their potential in clinical applications. It also examines novel synthetic strategies that improve the drug-like qualities and safety profiles of these compounds.

This study found that drug transport through artificial sebum varies depending on the compound, suggesting that sebum-targeted delivery can be optimized by selecting compounds based on their distinct transport profiles in sebum versus skin.

This review evaluates the potential of natural products from marine microorganisms for cosmetic applications and reports no new experimental results, highlighting challenges and prospects in their use.

This study found that while parabens in haircare products were within legal limits, all samples contained dibutyl phthalate, raising concerns about chronic exposure to endocrine disruptors.

This research reported that a newly developed dually crosslinked gelatin-alginate-based hydrogel scaffold enhances mechanical strength, promotes corneal tissue regeneration, and reduces scarring in rabbit models, suggesting potential applications in corneal tissue engineering.

This study developed a smart PVA-TPE/HA-AMP/SF/ALG wound dressing that shows promise in infected wound healing by providing bacterial resistance, promoting cell proliferation, and modulating inflammation through various signaling pathways, potentially reducing scar formation.

This study found that feeding mice a high-fat diet with fish oil leads to hair loss through a mechanism involving omega-3 fatty acids and TNF-α signaling, with epidermal fatty acid binding protein playing a key role.

This study reported that while no synthesized compounds surpassed finasteride in 5α-reductase inhibitory activity, certain 4-azasteroid-2-oximes exhibited notable inhibition.

This study found that in hamster flank organs, 17βC inhibited enlargement caused by topical testosterone but not by DHT, suggesting potential use in androgen-related skin disorders like acne.

This review discusses the impact of air pollution on skin health and suggests that targeting oxidative stress products like HNE could be a new strategy for treating related skin conditions.

This study found that phenyl-imidazole sulfonamide derivatives, particularly ISCK03, inhibited c-kit signaling and promoted depigmentation in various experimental settings, suggesting potential use as skin-whitening agents.

This study examined 4-azasteroids using 13C-NMR spectroscopy, detailing the NMR spectrum assignments and reporting a new molecular complex of finasteride with dioxane.

This study describes the synthesis of finasteride from 4-androstene-3,17-dione in a seven-step process with an overall yield of 18.6%.

This review discusses inherited forms of vitamin D-dependent rickets and explains their genetic and metabolic causes but reports no new clinical findings.

In this study on mice with severe thermal skin burns, researchers found that administering 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) helped reduce inflammation and apoptosis, promoted angiogenesis, and accelerated wound healing by enhancing specific cellular behaviors and signaling pathways.

This study reports that 4-(alkylthio)- and 4-(arylthio)-benzonitriles showed moderate sebum reduction as androgen receptor antagonists when applied topically in a validated animal model.

This study found that among the tested analogs, compound 4e was the most effective in inhibiting wax esters in vivo in the Golden Syrian hamster ear model.

In this study, 4-(4-(phenylaminocarbonyl)benzoyl) benzoic acid exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against the human type 2 steroid 5α-reductase isozyme among the compounds tested.

In this study, 4‐MAPC treatment reduced ventral prostate weight in rats primarily through decreased synthetic activity, with testosterone propionate increasing prostate weight and activity at pharmacologic doses.

This article discusses the mechanisms of hirsutism and acne in women, highlighting cyproterone acetate with ethinyloestradiol as an effective anti-androgen therapy in the UK, but it reports no new clinical findings.

The authors reported that 4-O-methylhonokiol decreased TGF-β1-induced cell cycle arrest and oxidative stress markers in human keratinocyte cells, suggesting a potential protective role in TGF-β1-mediated cell cycle regulation.

This article discusses alopecia and the impact of hair loss on mental health, but it presents no new research findings and highlights the need for further studies.

In laboratory experiments, this study found that the topical prodrug SCD-153, a derivative of 4-methyl itaconate, reduced inflammation-related gene expression and induced significant hair growth in mice, suggesting it as a promising treatment candidate for alopecia areata.

This review discusses the pharmacological properties of 4-0-methylhonokiol from Magnolia species and reports no new experimental results, highlighting potential areas for future research.

This study found that 4-(4-Phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid derivatives may act as antioxidants by scavenging certain reactive oxygen species but exhibit prooxidant behavior under specific conditions.

In this study, researchers found that 4-Octyl itaconate (4-OI) inhibited cisplatin-induced ferroptosis and protected auditory cells by activating the NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for reducing hearing loss associated with cisplatin treatment.

This study found that supplementing soybean oil significantly increased the production of the cyclosporine A derivative [(4'-OH)MeLeu]4-CsA by 55.6%, offering potential enhancements for its clinical application.

In this 10-patient exploratory study, the researchers found that topical application of 4-aminopyridine 5% combined with microneedling did not improve hair density or quality in men with androgenetic alopecia, suggesting limited efficacy in this context despite promising results in animal wound models.

The researchers reported that a 4-aminopyridine-loaded gel promoted wound healing and hair follicle regeneration in burn models, suggesting it might be a promising alternative to existing burn treatments.

In this study, DMC selectively eliminated senescent cells in old mice, prevented hair loss, improved motor coordination, and reduced senescence-associated secretory factors, suggesting its potential as a senolytic treatment.