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Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.

Infertile men are more likely to produce sperm with abnormal chromosome numbers, which can affect pregnancy success and embryo health.

The conclusion is that published guidelines are improving transgender medical care, but more research and education in transgender medicine are needed.

Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause different levels of androgen insensitivity, making it hard to create simple tests for the condition.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

The document concludes that accurate diagnosis of male and female gonadal disorders is crucial for effective treatment and better patient outcomes.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

Finasteride may cause male infertility, stopping it can help.

Air Vice-Marshal Sir Ralph Jackson significantly advanced dialysis technology in the UK.

Pediatric endocrinologists should provide early fertility counseling and preservation options to young patients at risk of infertility.

Estrogens are key for bone growth spurts in both boys and girls and affect growth into adulthood.

The document tests knowledge and decision-making in hematology through multiple-choice questions.

Both estrogens and androgens are important for health in both males and females.

A 19-year-old male had two rare skin conditions causing scarring and permanent hair loss.

Finasteride may negatively affect male fertility.

Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.

5-alpha-reductase inhibitors may cause a low incidence of erectile dysfunction that decreases over time.

A male with aromatase deficiency improved bone health with estradiol treatment.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

Addressing underrepresentation in Parkinson's research is crucial for better treatments and understanding.

A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.

Mice lacking Insig proteins had hair growth problems due to cholesterol buildup, but this was fixed by the drug simvastatin.

Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.

Androgenetic alopecia is common in north Anatolia, affecting more men than women.

A baby was diagnosed with IFAP syndrome due to a new genetic mutation, showing severe skin and developmental issues.

The oral glucose tolerance test is effective in detecting abnormal glucose tolerance in Indian women with PCOS.

Low dose valproate in epileptic children mainly causes weight gain and other non-life-threatening side effects.