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This study reports that keratinocytes grown under low oxygen conditions (physioxia) demonstrated reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased antioxidant enzyme activity compared to those in higher oxygen conditions, highlighting the role of oxygen in regulating skin antioxidant defenses.

This study found that direct interactions between human dermal papilla cells and melanocytes under low oxygen conditions improved cell functions and could be important for hair regeneration efforts.

This study found that physoxia improved hair follicle functions in co-cultures of dermal papilla cells and melanocytes by enhancing their biological activities and promoting hair growth and pigmentation.

This review highlights that current in vitro models often fail to replicate the physiological oxygen levels experienced by different skin cell types, which could affect redox states and functions, potentially accelerating skin aging.