9 citations
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December 2020 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This review found that oral and topical phosphodiesterase inhibitors and topical prostaglandin analogues are safe and effective treatments for various skin diseases, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, and alopecia.
3 citations
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April 2019 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” This review discusses the use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for alopecia, finding promising preliminary results with topical caffeine for androgenetic alopecia and telogen effluvium, but limited success in alopecia areata.
1 citations
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April 2020 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This letter to the editor comments on the association between androgenetic alopecia and increased scalp hardness, exploring the possible role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors but provides no new clinical results.
June 2011 in “British Journal of Urology” This review discusses the challenges in developing combination therapies for urological conditions and notes that regulatory requirements and financial disincentives hinder progress, without presenting new clinical findings.