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This study found that sex differences in somatostatin biosynthesis in rat hypothalamic neurons develop between postnatal day 1 and 5, influenced by the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.

In this study, acute restraint stress increased Y1 receptor gene expression in the amygdala and PVN of transgenic mice, but this effect was not due to elevated neuroactive steroid concentrations, indicating a potential ligand-induced mechanism.

In this study, researchers found that in late pregnancy, the neuroactive progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone inhibits HPA axis responses to immune challenges via an opioid-mediated mechanism.

This study suggests that the elevated stress hormone response in adolescent male rats may involve increased conversion of testosterone to estradiol at the adrenal cortex level.

This study found that augmenting or reducing allopregnanolone activity in the BNST affected contextual fear expression in rats, suggesting sex differences in anxiety may be linked to neuroactive steroid regulation.