53 citations
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January 1986 in “Endocrinology” This rat study suggests that 5α-dihydrotestosterone plays a critical role in inhibiting nipple development in male fetuses by causing the regression of the nipple anlage in utero.
4 citations
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March 2017 in “Development” This study found that specialized nipple epidermis in mice is maintained by the repression of TGFβ signaling through estrogen, which highlights the role of hormonal regulation in epidermal maintenance.
2 citations
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July 2018 in “Our Dermatology Online” This case report documents the first known instance of nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areola with unilateral presentation in a Saudi female, diagnosed through clinical evaluation and biopsy.
1 citations
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January 2005 in “Research Portal (King's College London)” Finasteride and DEHP exposure during development can change reproductive markers in rats.
This study used a mouse model to reveal that S100A4-positive cells, specifically fibroblasts and immune cells, play a crucial role in nipple development, essential for successful lactation, despite no issues with mammary morphology or milk production.