September 2024 in “Toxicology Letters” Cortisone and cortisol levels in pregnant women’s hair increase as labor approaches, indicating higher stress.
122 citations
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October 2013 in “PEDIATRICS” Maternal stress during pregnancy affects a child's stress levels.
High-stress mothers had lower hair cortisol than low-stress mothers, and daughters' cortisol was linked to their stress response.
June 2020 in “Authorea (Authorea)” First-time mothers had higher stress hormone levels in late pregnancy than mothers who had given birth before.
28 citations
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May 2015 in “Addiction Biology” Prenatal stress changes how male and female rats enjoy rewards differently, linked to sex hormones.