2 citations,
October 2021 in “Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health” High uric acid levels are more common in PCOS patients, especially those with androgenic PCOS, and are linked with increased cardiovascular risk and other metabolic issues.
3 citations,
April 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Women with PCOS have lower adiponectin hormone levels and are more likely to have insulin resistance.
19 citations,
January 2017 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” High levels of male hormones are very common in women with PCOS and affect their metabolism differently depending on their weight.
3 citations,
August 2017 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” People with PCOS have higher levels of PAI-1, which may increase their risk of heart disease and fertility issues.
February 2020 in “İstanbul medical journal” Metformin improves early signs of heart disease in women with PCOS and raises apelin levels, but doesn't significantly change artery thickness.