June 2011 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” The researchers reported that both estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ are expressed in human testis, and identified two novel genes, Aven and Regucalcin, linked to estrogen and androgen regulation, which may be crucial for spermatogenesis.
October 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study found that overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in mice disrupted cell death during the hair cycle, impairing hair regeneration by delaying anagen entry and hair growth.
May 2007 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride lowers PSA levels in men, certain factors increase testicular cancer risk, and current guidelines for penile cancer may lead to unnecessary surgeries.
December 2014 in “ScholarSpace (University of Hawaii at Manoa)” In this study, researchers observed that HIF1α is expressed in germ cells throughout fetal and neonatal development, suggesting it may regulate telomerase activity and maintain the undifferentiated state of stem/progenitor cells.
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March 2018 in “BMC Cancer” This study found that androgenic alopecia was associated with a decreased risk of testicular germ cell tumors but a potential increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer.