93 citations
,
January 2007 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” In this study, caffeine applied in a shampoo penetrated hair follicles faster and more effectively than through the skin surface within the first 20 minutes.
46 citations
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May 2006 in “Laser Physics” In this study, particles similar in size to keratin cells were surprisingly found to penetrate more efficiently into hair follicles due to a possible pumping effect from moving hairs.
35 citations
,
January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” This study found that nanoemulsion formulations with oleic acid or eucalyptol significantly enhanced the delivery and retention of caffeine through hair follicles and surrounding skin regions.
34 citations
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October 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This study found that adapalene-loaded solid lipid microparticles may enhance targeted drug delivery into sebum due to their similarity to sebum components, although both this formulation and a standard cream showed equivalent follicular penetration.
33 citations
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February 2009 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” This study found that porcine ear skin is more suitable than excised human skin for investigating the efficacy of barrier emulsions in preventing pollen allergen penetration due to its lack of tissue contraction.