This chapter reviews the causes, clinical characteristics, and modern management of male and female pattern hair loss but reports no new clinical results.
January 2014 in “Pathology” Non-scarring hair loss can be diagnosed with two 4mm punch biopsies, one cut vertically and the other transversely.
January 2022 in “Clinical Cases in Dermatology” This case report describes a 47-year-old man diagnosed with fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution, treated with clobetasol propionate and oral minoxidil while advised to avoid hair transplantation.
October 2025 in “JMIR Dermatology” This study observed that in a series of 28 patients with different types of alopecia, specific trichoscopic markers like exclamation-mark hairs and yellow dots helped distinguish alopecia areata from conditions like lichen planopilaris and discoid lupus erythematosus, which showed follicular ostia loss and white scarring.
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July 2020 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” This study identified that trichoscopy can effectively diagnose frontal fibrosing alopecia by highlighting specific scalp abnormalities in postmenopausal women.