12 citations
,
March 2000 in “Clinical Chemistry” This study found that a daily dose of 50 mg DHEA only slightly increased the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone ratio for a short period, without exceeding the IOC's acceptable limit.
20 citations
,
July 2006 in “Veterinary dermatology” This study found that hair regrowth in Pomeranians with hair cycle arrest treated with melatonin was not associated with a change in oestrogen receptor-α staining.
24 citations
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December 2016 in “Psychiatric Clinics of North America” This review discusses hormonal and surgical gender-affirming interventions for transfeminine individuals, noting improvements in quality of life and mental health with minimal adverse effects, but reports no new research findings.
September 2025 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” In this rodent study, the researchers found that different hormone therapies affected gut microbiota and goblet cell counts, with notable microbial shifts observed between groups receiving estrogen with and without an orchiectomy, linked to estrogen metabolism.
This study found that bilateral orchiectomy allows most transgender women to stop anti-androgen medications, with 91.7% discontinuing them post-surgery and 25% reducing estrogen use.