July 2026 in “Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery” This review suggests that female and male hair loss patterns differ due to hormonal influences, metabolic factors, and genetic loci, with female pattern hair loss potentially occurring without androgen influence, highlighting the need for distinct clinical management approaches.
41 citations
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July 2001 in “PubMed” This study reported that while finasteride and progesterone significantly inhibited dihydrotestosterone synthesis in dermal papillae, estrogens were less effective.
24 citations
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October 2012 in “The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology” In this study, testosterone protected female embryonic heart cells from metabolic stress by being converted into metabolites that activate estrogen receptors and up-regulate certain mitochondrial channel proteins.
159 citations
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July 2006 in “Endocrine Reviews” This article discusses the influence of estrogens on hair follicle growth and metabolism, suggesting a significant role alongside androgens in hair growth control but reports no new clinical results.
May 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” In this study, DOP treatment improved hair regrowth in androgenetic alopecia by altering local steroid metabolism and follicular morphology.