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    Glossary Dysmenorrhea

    painful menstrual cramps in the lower abdomen

    Dysmenorrhea, commonly known as menstrual cramps, refers to the pain and discomfort experienced in the lower abdomen before or during menstruation. It can be classified into primary dysmenorrhea, which is pain without an underlying medical condition, and secondary dysmenorrhea, which is pain caused by a reproductive system disorder such as endometriosis or fibroids.

    Research 10 of 217

    1. The effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on the hormonal profile, hirsutism, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and hair loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Journal of Functional Foods · 2026
    2. Effect of polycystic ovary syndrome on dysmenorrhea: a case-control study International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2024 · 2 citations
    3. Hormonal contraceptives: pharmacology tailored to women's health Human Reproduction Update · 2016 · 88 citations
    4. Period problems: disorders of menstruation in adolescents Archives of Disease in Childhood · 2010 · 34 citations
    5. Profile of the progesterone derivative chlormadinone acetate — Pharmocodynamic properties and therapeutic applications Contraception · 2009 · 33 citations
    6. Antiandrogenic progestins for treatment of signs of androgenisation and hormonal contraception 2004 · 17 citations
    7. Intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide: An undervalued option for refractory alopecia areata Journal of dermatology · 2016 · 12 citations
    8. Health-related quality of life in women with normogonadotropic ovulatory dysfunction: a prospective cohort study Frontiers in Global Women s Health · 2026
    9. The characterization of patients with premature ovarian failure, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome in women attending comprehensive health centers in Urmia, Iran BMC Women s Health · 2026
    10. Dienogest versus gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues for the clinical treatment of endometriosis: an updated meta-analysis International Journal of Scientific Reports · 2024
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