12 citations
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July 2015 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This study found that mechanical damage from grooming and environmental factors contributes to crack formation and eventual breakage in African-American hair, highlighting the need for continuous care.
19 citations
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January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” This review explains the mechanical composition and molecular interactions that determine hair's mechanical properties, without providing any new experimental findings.
7 citations
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August 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” This study found that chemical hair straightening significantly reduced hair curl and improved smoothness and shine, but did not significantly affect transverse fissures or split ends, indicating potential benefits with some side effects.
This chapter provides an overview of the complex chemical and physical structure of the hair surface, detailing how factors like ethnicity, environmental stress, and cosmetic treatments can alter its properties and influence the adhesion of hair care products.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” This study outlines how combined ultrasonic and infrared hair treatments may enhance hair restoration and performance by breaking down keratin disulfide bonds for better treatment access and sealing cuticle scales to preserve improvements, with potential applications in salon and home settings.