15 citations,
January 2003 in “Lasers in Surgery and Medicine” Cold air and a chilled sapphire window both protect the skin during laser treatments, and work better with water or gel, especially for darker skin.
39 citations,
January 2006 in “Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy” Pneumatic Skin Flattening (PSF) significantly reduces pain during laser and IPL hair removal.
22 citations,
June 2002 in “Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery” Laser hair removal works well for people with dark hair and light skin, but it's less effective for light hair or dark skin; improvements are expected.
207 citations,
January 2011 in “Dermatologic Therapy” Laser hair removal is the most requested cosmetic procedure and has become a scientifically-based treatment suitable for all skin types.
January 2018 in “Springer eBooks” Lasers are FDA-approved for permanent hair reduction, not removal, and more research is needed to improve treatments.