35 citations
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January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
7 citations
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January 2020 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Standard nail varnish effectively prevents follicular penetration of certain substances.
93 citations
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January 2007 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Caffeine in shampoo quickly enters the body through hair follicles.
January 2026 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” Liposomal formulations with caffeine and cafestol enhance skin penetration effectively.
15 citations
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October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.