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In this study, insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome was highly correlated with unbound testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin, rather than luteinizing hormone or peripheral androgen metabolism.

This study found that both cyproterone acetate alone and combined with ethinyl oestradiol reduced androgen levels and slightly increased SHBG binding in women with hirsutism, but showed no difference in hair regrowth rate between the treatments.

This study found that women with PCOS have higher follicular fluid levels of testosterone and IL-6, despite similar NEFA levels to non-PCOS women, suggesting increased lipotoxicity impact on androgenesis in PCOS.

This study suggests that interleukin-1 α influences dermal papilla cell activity by modifying androgen receptor expression and increasing the secretion of several growth factors and cytokines.

This study reported that while finasteride and progesterone significantly inhibited dihydrotestosterone synthesis in dermal papillae, estrogens were less effective.