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April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
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March 2025 in “Developmental Biology” Integumentary organs adapt and evolve for survival, with potential uses in regenerative medicine.
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January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
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January 2009 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Reptile scales help us understand the evolution of skin features like hair and feathers.
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August 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Hoxd gene regulation in mammals and birds is robust despite differences in DNA sequences, due to 3D chromatin structures.