September 2014 in “Hair transplant forum international” Caffeine, niacinamide, and panthenol may improve hair growth, fullness, and healing when applied to the scalp.
40 citations
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August 2018 in “Skin appendage disorders” Some alternative treatments for hair loss might work, but more research is needed.
61 citations
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May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Nanocrystals improve skin penetration and stability of caffeine, suggesting a new method for delivering similar substances through the skin.
3 citations
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April 2019 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Caffeine shows promise for treating some types of hair loss, but more research is needed.
451 citations
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March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.