September 2014 in “Hair transplant forum international” Caffeine, niacinamide, and panthenol may improve hair growth, fullness, and healing when applied to the scalp.
40 citations,
August 2018 in “Skin appendage disorders” Some alternative treatments for hair loss might work, but more research is needed.
61 citations,
May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Nanocrystals improve skin penetration and stability of caffeine, suggesting a new method for delivering similar substances through the skin.
3 citations,
April 2019 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Caffeine shows promise for treating some types of hair loss, but more research is needed.
451 citations,
March 2005 in “Endocrine Reviews” The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.