Why Cells Need Iron: A Compendium of Iron Utilization

Iron deficiency is widespread and leads to various health issues, including developmental, haematological, immunological, neurological, and cardiometabolic problems, as well as symptoms like chronic fatigue and hair loss. Iron is crucial for numerous cellular proteins and processes. This review explores the molecular activities regulated by iron and the effects of its deficiency, highlighting specific enzymes, pathways, and cell functions that depend on iron. It discusses how iron deprivation impacts immunity, hormone synthesis, and cholesterol metabolism, suggesting that better understanding of cellular iron's role could lead to new treatments for various diseases.