Tunable Structured Metal Oxides for Biocatalytic Therapeutics

This review discusses the recent advancements and future trends in engineering tunable structured metal oxides for biocatalytic therapeutics. It highlights the structural diversity, feasible modifications, tunable catalytic sites, and cost-effectiveness of metal oxides compared to natural enzymes. The review covers the fundamental activities, evaluations, and mechanisms of metal oxide-based biocatalysts, and details the design methods and achievements of various nanostructured and biofunctionalized metal oxides. It also explores strategies for modulating catalytic centers to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) catalysis, including atomic site engineering and heterostructures. Applications such as catalytic disinfections, cancer therapies, ROS scavenging, anti-inflammations, and biocatalytic sensors are summarized, along with their associated toxicities. The review concludes by addressing current challenges and future perspectives, aiming to guide the design of ROS-catalytic metal oxides for broad therapeutic applications. The authors declare no conflict of interest.