A Review on Unraveling the Complexity of Autoimmune Skin Disorders: Genetic Influences, Environmental Triggers, and Innovative Management Approaches

Autoimmune skin disorders, such as psoriasis, vitiligo, dermatitis herpetiformis, systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous pemphigoid, lichen planus, and alopecia areata, occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues, often influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental triggers like low vitamin D, UV radiation, and smoking. These conditions are marked by specific autoantibodies and susceptibility genes. Preventative strategies include identifying high-risk individuals and avoiding triggers. Treatments typically involve sunscreens, corticosteroids, antimalarials, immunosuppressants, and intravenous immunoglobulins.