Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy for Controlling Onset and Progression of Myopia: A Review

Repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy is a promising method for controlling myopia progression by inhibiting axial elongation and changes in spherical equivalent refraction (SER). The therapy works by enhancing energy supply and cellular metabolism, primarily through the activation of cytochrome c oxidase, and may also involve dopamine-enhanced nitric oxide release. Clinical trials, mainly in China, show that RLRL effectively reduces myopia progression over 6 to 24 months without severe adverse effects, outperforming traditional treatments like atropine eye drops. However, the studies have limitations, such as short follow-up durations and small sample sizes, and further research is needed to confirm long-term efficacy and safety, as well as to explore the effects of different red light wavelengths and intensities.