Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Comprehensive Summary from Etiology to Treatment

Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) affects about 10% of couples undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, characterized by the failure of embryos to implant. Despite extensive research, there is no consensus on the definition, diagnosis, or treatment of RIF, complicating efforts to predict and prevent it. RIF can result from various factors, including immunological issues, thrombophilias, endometrial receptivity, microbiome imbalances, anatomical abnormalities, male factors, and embryo aneuploidy. The prognosis is influenced by maternal age, and most couples can achieve pregnancy with clinical intervention. Individualized treatment targeting the primary cause is effective in increasing implantation rates. Psychological support and clinical intervention are crucial for affected couples, and further research is needed to refine diagnostic methods and evaluate treatment efficacy.