CXCL12 Drives Reversible Fibroimmune Remodeling in Androgenetic Alopecia Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

This study identifies CXCL12 as a key mediator in androgenetic alopecia (AGA), linking androgen signaling to stromal and immune remodeling. Using a testosterone-induced mouse model with 45 mice, researchers found that dermal fibroblasts are the most androgen-responsive cells, producing CXCL12, which promotes fibrosis and immune cell retention. Blocking CXCL12 with a neutralizing antibody reversed these effects, reducing fibrosis, decreasing pro-fibrotic macrophage infiltration, and promoting hair regrowth. The study suggests CXCL12 as a promising therapeutic target for AGA and potentially other fibrotic skin diseases.