An Overview of the Health Benefits, Extraction Methods, and Improving the Properties of Pomegranate

Pomegranate is a polyphenol-rich fruit with significant health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Clinical studies have shown that pomegranate juice and extracts can improve antioxidant defenses, reduce inflammation, and aid in glycemic control, benefiting conditions like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The fruit's bioactive compounds, such as ellagitannins, are metabolized into ellagic acid and urolithins, which contribute to these health effects. However, challenges like low bioavailability and solubility of these compounds exist. Advances in extraction methods, including hydrodynamic cavitation and encapsulation techniques, are enhancing the use of pomegranate in dietary supplements and therapeutic applications. Further research is needed to optimize these processes and fully exploit pomegranate's potential.