Pharmacological Role and Clinical Applications of 5α-Reductase Inhibitors: Review Article for Pharmacists and Healthcare Professionals

5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), including finasteride and dutasteride, are crucial for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and androgenic alopecia by preventing the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). They reduce prostate volume by about 25% in BPH and stabilize hair loss in 88% of alopecia patients. Although dutasteride offers broader DHT suppression, its efficacy is similar to finasteride. Adverse effects such as sexual dysfunction and gynecomastia require careful patient selection and monitoring. While 5-ARIs have potential off-label uses, more research is needed. Their use demands a personalized risk-benefit analysis and collaboration among healthcare professionals for optimal outcomes.