Potential Pharmacological Activities of Pumpkin Seeds as a Functional Food: A Comprehensive Review

Pumpkin seeds are highlighted as a functional food with a rich nutritional profile and potential pharmacological activities that may benefit human health. They contain proteins, antioxidants, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, and have been traditionally used in medicine for various diseases. The review discusses their potential in treating and managing health conditions such as diabetes, cancer, microbial infections, anemia, and stress, with specific effects like anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antidepressant properties. Pumpkin seeds have shown promise in breast cancer therapy, improving iron status in women, and enhancing bladder and prostate health. They are also used industrially in food flavoring, animal feed, and the production of soap and cosmetics. Studies have investigated their anticancer effects, nutritional enhancement in food products, protective effects on male reproductive health, and cytotoxic effects on prostate cancer cells. The global market for pumpkin seeds is expected to reach 1.88 billion USD by 2025, reflecting their growing use as a health supplement and in various industries.