The Pivotal Role of PDGF and Its Receptor Isoforms in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

The review highlighted the critical role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptor isoforms in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). It was found that ASCs express PDGF-A, -C, -D, PDGFRα, and PDGFRβ, with PDGFRα expression decreasing during adipocyte lineage differentiation, while PDGFRβ inhibits white adipocyte differentiation and promotes proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. PDGF-D, in particular, was noted for its endogenous nature, ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the mitochondrial electron transport system, and regulation of the autocrine loop of ASCs in vivo. Additionally, PDGF-D exhibited stronger mitogenic effects compared to PDGF-B, primarily through PDGFRβ and ROS generation, although there were notable differences in their regulation of ASCs.