Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Updated Review

The review discussed Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) as a prevalent endocrine and inflammatory disorder in women, characterized by oligo-anovulatory infertility and cardiometabolic issues. Insulin was highlighted as crucial in PCOS, influencing ovarian and liver metabolic enzymes and androgen production. Hyperandrogenism affected 70-80% of cases, with a noted association between rs6259 polymorphism and SHBG levels in 3-5% of Indian women with PCOS. Obesity was common among PCOS patients, and treatment focused on improving insulin tolerance, reducing androgen levels, and regulating menstrual cycles and fertility. Nonpharmacological strategies like exercise, weight management, and healthy diets were also beneficial. The etiology of PCOS remained unclear, with some studies suggesting gut microbiome dysregulation as a contributing factor.