Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was a prevalent reproductive endocrine disorder among women of childbearing age, characterized by complex endocrine dysfunctions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and clinical features like obesity, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and anovulation. Women with PCOS also had an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerosis. Although the precise pathophysiology of PCOS was not fully understood, various therapies were available to improve reproductive and metabolic abnormalities, with lifestyle modification and insulin-sensitizing agents being the most effective management strategies.