Antibacterial Activity Test of NADES Extract of Mangkokan Leaves Against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus

The study investigates the antibacterial activity of NADES (Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents) extract from mangkokan leaves (Polyscias scutellaria) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Using the disc diffusion method, the extract was tested at various concentrations (2000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 μg/disk) with chloramphenicol and DMSO as controls. The total flavonoid content was measured at 4.944 mgEQ/gSimplisia. The results indicate that the NADES extract of mangkokan leaves exhibits antibacterial properties against both types of bacteria, suggesting its potential as a natural antibacterial agent.