Composite Skin Substitutes, 3D Skin Bioprinting, and the BioMask Concept in Regenerating Skin Defects - Review

This review highlights the global efforts and challenges in 3D bioprinting for developing skin substitutes, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to enhance reproducibility and clinical applicability in wound healing and regeneration.

This review reports that 3D skin bioprinting has made significant progress towards clinical application, particularly in wound healing and disease modeling, but further work on vascularization and bioink standardization remains crucial.

This review highlights advancements in 3D bioprinting for skin tissue engineering, focusing on exosome-loaded bioinks that show potential for enhancing skin regeneration and repair.

This review discusses recent advancements in 3D bioprinting for skin regeneration and describes potential improvements for clinical applications, but it reports no new experimental results.

This review found that 3D bioprinting significantly advances skin tissue engineering by enabling the creation of complex, patient-specific skin structures, though technological and regulatory challenges persist, particularly in areas like scalability and physiological mimicry.