Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFMNs) represent a significant advancement in transdermal drug delivery, offering a minimally invasive, painless method that enhances patient compliance and ensures rapid drug absorption. These microneedles, made from swellable polymers, can deliver drugs over extended periods by incorporating them into the polymer or using a separate reservoir, effectively penetrating the stratum corneum without damaging deeper tissues. HFMNs avoid first-pass metabolism, reduce side effects, and maintain consistent blood drug levels, making them superior to traditional methods. They have been successfully used in treating diseases like cancer and diabetes, delivering drugs such as doxorubicin, trametinib, and glucose-responsive insulin. Despite their potential, challenges in biosafety, industrial production, and sterilization need to be addressed for clinical application.