Types of Human Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Applications

The document reviewed various types of human stem cells and their therapeutic applications as of 2014, emphasizing their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. It highlighted the historical development of haemopoietic stem cells for treating hematological and immunological disorders, and the potential of embryonic stem cells (ES cells) in treating a wide range of human disorders. The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) and their regenerative applications were noted, alongside mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for tissue regeneration. The document also explored alternative stem cell sources, cancer stem cells, and clinical applications in hematopoietic cell transplantation and neurological disorders. Protocols for differentiating ES cells into specific cell types, such as insulin-producing cells for diabetes and cardiomyocytes for heart disease, were discussed. Advancements in stem cell research, including cardiac function improvement and cartilage repair, were highlighted, along with challenges in IPSC production and safety concerns. Overall, the document emphasized the promising yet complex nature of stem cell applications in regenerative medicine.