Hypochlorous Acid: Clinical Insights and Experience in Dermatology, Surgery, Dentistry, Ophthalmology, Rhinology, and Other Specialties

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a versatile compound with significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties, beneficial across various medical fields such as dermatology, surgery, dentistry, ophthalmology, and rhinology. It is effective in treating skin disorders, preventing surgical infections, and managing scars, while also showing potential in limiting cancer cell survival and treating viral infections like SARS-CoV-2. Despite its benefits, clinical studies on HOCl have shown inconsistent results, necessitating further research to optimize dosing and formulations. Advances in electrochemical technology have enabled stable, pH-controlled HOCl formulations, enhancing its clinical use. Studies since 2000, including 61 original studies, demonstrate HOCl's good tolerability and effectiveness in reducing microbial burden and inflammation. It is recognized for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, safety, and low cytotoxicity compared to traditional antiseptics. However, its instability and the lack of high-quality, long-term studies limit its widespread clinical adoption, highlighting the need for further research to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing adverse effects.