Heavy Metals in Drinking Water and Their Environmental Impact on Human Health

The study identified a strong relationship between contaminated drinking water with heavy metals and chronic diseases in some Great Cairo Cities, Egypt. It found that heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, and Cr in drinking water were linked to diseases like renal failure, liver cirrhosis, hair loss, and chronic anemia. Specifically, renal failure was associated with lead and cadmium, liver cirrhosis with copper and molybdenum, hair loss with nickel and chromium, and chronic anemia with copper and cadmium. The study suggested that industrial wastes and agricultural activities contributed to the contamination of groundwater, leading to these health issues.