Gamma Delta T Cells Mediate a Requisite Portion of a Wound Healing Response Triggered by Cutaneous Poxvirus Infection

The study investigated the role of γδ T cells in the skin's response to cutaneous vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. It was found that γδ T cells, both resident and recruited, did not significantly control virus replication or spread. Instead, they played a crucial role in an early wound healing response, which occurred alongside the immune response to clear the virus. This wound healing signature, characterized by the induction of cytokines and growth factors, was evident before the peak of virus replication and was distinct from typical sterile wound healing. The findings highlighted the importance of γδ T cells in maintaining skin barrier function and preventing secondary bacterial infections, suggesting potential therapeutic manipulation to reduce scarring and infection after viral skin infections.