Forsythiasides: A Review of the Pharmacological Effects

Forsythiasides, specifically Forsythiaside A and B, found in the medicinal plant Forsythia suspensa, have various pharmacological effects. They have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. They reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibit the expression of NF-κB, and activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. They also have protective effects on the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and bones. Forsythiaside A has shown antiviral activity, immunomodulatory effects, potential anticancer activity, and notably increased hair density and thickness in mice with androgenetic alopecia by 50% and 30% respectively. Forsythiaside B has been shown to protect against experimental sepsis. However, they have also been associated with inducing pseudoallergic reactions. Further in vivo and toxicological studies are needed. The number of subjects in each study was not specified.