Modern Perspectives on Etiopathogenesis of Alopecia Areata and Promising Treatment Approaches

The review explores the etiopathogenesis of alopecia areata, emphasizing the critical role of the immune system in hair follicle regulation. It highlights how immune cells, such as T-cells and macrophages, and their signaling pathways, including interleukins and tumor necrosis factors, contribute to both hair follicle homeostasis and the development of alopecia areata. The study suggests that an imbalance in immune activity, particularly the overactivity of pro-inflammatory cytokines, can lead to autoimmune hair disorders. The authors conclude that further research into immune-mediated hair regeneration mechanisms could lead to new therapeutic approaches for treating alopecia areata.