Analysis of the Background Level of Cytokines M1 and M2 of the Macrophage Phenotype in Patients with Revision Rhinoplasty After the Use of the Drug PDRN

The study analyzed the effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on cytokine levels in 63 patients undergoing revision rhinoplasty with rib grafts. Patients were divided based on fibrinogen levels. In those with elevated fibrinogen, PDRN reduced M1 cytokines (IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-α) and increased M2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β1), suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect. PDRN also increased VEGF levels in these patients. In patients with normal fibrinogen levels, PDRN did not significantly alter cytokine levels. These findings suggest PDRN may reduce complications in reconstructive rhinoplasty, though further research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms and potential benefits or drawbacks.