Cutaneous Manifestations of Endocrine Diseases in Children

The document discusses the skin changes in children due to various endocrine diseases, focusing on diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, Cushing syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and acromegaly. Around 30% of adult DM patients experience skin manifestations, which can also occur in children. These include dry skin, face redness, infections, and more. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of dermatological diseases, with a study finding acrochordons in 40% of obese children and striae in 32%. Cushing syndrome can lead to skin atrophy and fragility, polycystic ovary syndrome can cause acne and hirsutism, hypothyroidism can result in pale, dry, flaky skin, and hair loss, while hyperthyroidism can cause thin hair and general pruritus. Acromegaly, caused by excess growth hormone, can lead to changes in soft tissues, bones, and skin, including hyperpigmentation, hyperhidrosis, and nail changes. The document concludes that skin lesions are common in endocrine diseases and should be considered by pediatricians, dermatologists, and endocrinologists.