Copper-Quercetin Complexes: Methods of Study, Relevance to Cell Death Pathways, Therapeutic Applications

Copper-quercetin (CuQ) complexes show significant potential in therapeutic applications, particularly in cancer treatment, bone healing, skin diseases, and androgenic alopecia. These complexes are more effective antioxidants than quercetin alone and can induce DNA damage, which is beneficial for targeting tumor cells. In androgenic alopecia, a combination of copper, zinc, and quercetin has shown promise in mouse models by inhibiting dihydrotestosterone (DHT), reducing inflammation, and promoting hair follicle stem cell activation. CuQ complexes also enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis, making them useful in bone engineering and wound healing. Innovative delivery methods, such as nanoparticles and microneedles, improve their stability and bioavailability. However, further research is needed to fully understand their therapeutic potential and safety.