Comparison of Physical and Chemical Properties of Black and White Hair

This study reported that both gray and black-brown hair had decreased sulfur content after dyeing with a permanent hair dye mixture consisting primarily of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

This study found that white hair fibers have lower lipid content and different water absorption dynamics compared to brown hair fibers, suggesting differences in their barrier functions.

Women's hair has more sulfur, and black hair has more calcium than white hair.

This study found that African and Caucasian hair contain the most lipids, and depletion of these lipids leads to less water retention and increased water desorption, with Caucasian hair showing improved breaking tenacity after lipid extraction.

This study found that scanning electron microscopy with argon sputter etching visualizes hair lipids at the cell membrane complex as distinctive convex structures, shedding light on their role and localization in human hair.