Baghnakh (Martynia Annua): Prehistory to Contemporary Medicinal Value

Martynia annua, a plant with a long history in traditional Indian medicine, is used by the Santal tribal community for treating hair loss and has shown effectiveness against a variety of conditions such as inflammation, epilepsy, and snake bites. It also addresses dysentery, cardiac issues, worm infestations, constipation, hemorrhages, bacterial infections, and ulcers. The plant's leaves have antiseptic properties, its juice is used for sore throats, and its fruit mixed with coconut oil is applied to burns. The plant's pharmacological properties include anthelmintic, analgesic, antipyretic, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antifertility, antioxidant, CNS depressant, and wound-healing activities. Ongoing research is necessary to further understand its therapeutic potential.