Androgenetic Alopecia-Associated Cytokines

The document discussed the role of cytokines in androgenetic alopecia (AGA), highlighting that while the involvement of androgens, androgen receptors, and androgen-metabolizing enzymes in AGA was well-accepted, the exact mechanisms remained unclear. Recent studies at the time suggested that androgens influenced AGA by regulating cytokines secreted by dermal papilla cells. Key cytokines identified included insulin-like growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and Wnt inhibitory factor-1. These cytokines were considered crucial in the pathogenesis of AGA, as they could either promote or inhibit hair follicle growth, thereby modulating hair growth.