Androgenetic Alopecia: An Overview

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of hair loss affecting both men and women, driven by androgens and genetic predisposition. It involves the gradual miniaturization of hair follicles in androgen-sensitive areas. In women, it manifests as female pattern hair loss (FPHL), with reduced hair density in the central scalp while maintaining the frontal hairline. Although male and female pattern hair loss are clinically distinct, they share histological similarities. The exact pathogenesis of AGA remains unclear, influenced by various known and unknown factors. The article reviews the current understanding of AGA's causes, clinical features, diagnostic tests, and treatment options, including topical and systemic agents and procedural interventions.